Opioids, opioids and more opioids

More regulation not the answer for opioids.

اپوئید‌‌ها(Opioids) و دستگاه گوارش

SUMMARY The term opioid was coined to refer in a generic sense to all drugs, natural and synthetic, with morphin - like actions. Three distinct families of peptides have been identified so far in gastrointestinal (GI) nervous system in mammalian. These peptides include : dynorphin, Met - enkephalin and leu - enkephalin . Results from studies about opioid which have been started 15 years ago ...

38: Opioids

Opioids are among the oldest therapies in our armamentarium, and clinicians recognize their universal utility to limit human distress from pain. Opioids enjoy widespread use as potent analgesics, even though they are abused because of their psychoactive properties. Although the therapeutic and toxic doses are difficult to predict because of the development of tolerance with chronic use, the pri...

Are Long-Acting Opioids More Effective Than Short-Acting Opioids for Chronic Pain?

A new study calls into question the view that extended-release/long-acting (ER/LA) opioids are more effictive than immediate-release/short-acting (IR/SA) formulations for the management of chronic pain.1 The acceptance of the purported benefits of ER/LA opioids is understandable for patients whose pain is continuous and fairly constant over the course of the day. As an accompanying editorial to...

Opioids and alcoholism.

Although far from conclusive, evidence implicating the endogenous opioid system in the development and maintenance of alcoholism is growing. Currently available data suggest that ethanol increases opioid neurotransmission and that this activation is part of the mechanism responsible for its reinforcing effects. Findings from preclinical research indicate that ethanol consumption and ethanol-ind...